Beijing丨Old Summer Palace丨Western-style Building Scenic Area (Group

In the late Kangxi and Yongzheng years, the Old Summer Palace began to be built. In the second year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (1724), the expansion project of the Old Summer Palace officially began. After Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, he adjusted the landscape of the garden and added architectural groups in the Old Summer Palace. In 1860, the British and French invaders set fire to the Old Summer Palace. The Old Summer Palace and the nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned. In the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing and the buildings and ancient and valuable trees in the Old Summer Palace were completely destroyed. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the relics of the Old Summer Palace were plundered by bureaucrats, warlords, and profiteers for a long time. The Old Summer Palace is a large imitation of many famous gardens and scenic spots in various parts of China, especially those in the south of the Yangtze River. Its main building types include halls, halls, pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, corridors, pavilions, houses, rooms, boats, pavilions, halls, and bridges. , gates, walls, towers, as well as temples, Taoist temples, villages, markets, etc. The Old Summer Palace Western-style Building Scenic Area is located to the north of Changchun Garden. It is the first garden in China to imitate Western buildings and gardens. The Western-style Building Scenic Area was designed and supervised by the Italian missionary Castiglione Castiglione (1688-1766) and the French Jesuit missionary Chiang Youren (1715-1744) who worked at the Ruyi Pavilion of the Palace Painting Academy at that time. It was built by Chinese craftsmen. From west to east, there are more than ten scenic spots including Xieqiqu, Xianfa Bridge, Wanhua Array, Bird Cage, Fangwaiwai, Haiyantang, Yuanyingguan, Dashuifa, Guanshuifa, Xianfa Mountain and Xianfa Wall. Composed of buildings and gardens. The planning of the Old Summer Palace Western-style Building Scenic Spot began in the 12th year of Qianlong's reign (1747), and was basically completed in the 24th year of Qianlong's reign (1759). The architectural form is in the late European Renaissance "Baroque" style, and the gardening form is in the "Le Notre" style. But it also absorbed many traditional Chinese techniques in gardening and architectural decoration. Most of the building materials are white marble, the stone surface is finely carved, and the roof is covered with glazed tiles. The main body of the Western-style building is actually an artificial fountain, which was called "water method" at that time. It is characterized by large numbers, great momentum, and unique ideas. It mainly forms three large fountain groups: Xiequququ, Haiyantang and Dashuifa. The Xiyanglou Scenic Area was burned down in the 10th year of Xianfeng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1860). Since the establishment of the Old Summer Palace Management Office in 1976, it has been sorting out and repairing the architectural ruins, palace bases, fountain pools, and stone pillars. The ruins of the Western-style Building and its landscape environment have experienced many man-made and natural damages since the destruction of the Old Summer Palace. They are known as the four major disasters of "fire disaster, wood disaster, stone disaster and earth disaster", especially the "earth disaster" that has affected the Yamagata water system. The damage was particularly serious.